Question 7

A cell which manufactures a large amount of protein for export would have an abundance of organelles called ribosomes.

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for synthesizing proteins, making them essential in cells that produce large quantities of proteins for export.

A) peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are organelles that primarily function in the metabolism of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful byproducts. They do not play a direct role in protein synthesis, making this option incorrect in the context of a cell focused on manufacturing proteins.

B) ribosomes

Ribosomes are indeed the key organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They can be found freely floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they facilitate the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, ultimately leading to the production of proteins for export.

C) lysosomes

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. While they are crucial for cellular maintenance and recycling, they do not contribute to protein synthesis, making this option incorrect.

D) centrioles

Centrioles are cylindrical structures involved in cell division, specifically in the formation of spindle fibers that separate chromosomes. They have no role in protein synthesis or export, thus rendering this option incorrect as well.

Conclusion

Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, making option B the correct choice for a cell that produces a large amount of protein for export. Other options like peroxisomes, lysosomes, and centrioles serve different functions unrelated to protein manufacturing, highlighting why they do not fit the context of the question.