NLN NEX Verbal Ability Exams — Vocabulary Words for Nursing Entrance Exam
Answer: A
Virtual means informal.
In this context, "virtual" refers to the general's unofficial or informal control over the country, despite the absence of formal leadership from the president, vice-president, secretary, and treasurer.
A) informal
This option is correct as it aligns with the definition of "virtual" being used here. It implies that the general's power is not derived from an official title or position but rather from a practical, informal authority due to the leadership vacuum.
B) surreptitious
This option is incorrect as "surreptitious" implies something done in secret or kept hidden. The general's role, while unofficial, is not described as secretive; rather, it is presented as a clear and recognizable influence over the country.
C) indiscrete
This option is also incorrect. "Indiscrete" refers to a lack of discretion or the inability to keep information private. The term does not relate to the informal authority implied by "virtual" in this context.
D) incomparable
This option is incorrect as "incomparable" means without equal or unable to be compared. It does not reflect the meaning of "virtual" as suggesting an informal or unofficial capacity of rule.
Conclusion
The choice of "informal" accurately captures the essence of the term "virtual" as used in the question, indicating that the general's authority is based on circumstance rather than formal designation. The other options fail to convey this nuance, as they suggest meanings that do not apply to the context of leadership described.
Answer: A
Drive a hybrid vehicle and reduce reliance on single-use plastics.
Taking action to drive a hybrid vehicle and reduce reliance on single-use plastics aligns closely with the passage's emphasis on reducing carbon footprints through specific lifestyle changes. The passage mentions that driving a fuel-efficient vehicle and reducing dependence on single-use plastics can significantly lower carbon emissions.
A) Drive a hybrid vehicle and reduce reliance on single-use plastics.
This option is correct as it directly reflects the passage's recommendations for reducing carbon footprints. The text highlights that using fuel-efficient vehicles contributes to lower emissions, and reducing single-use plastics is mentioned as a key action to minimize carbon footprints due to the fossil fuel consumption associated with plastic production.
B) Recycle household waste and plant trees in their backyard.
While recycling is beneficial for the environment, the passage does not specifically mention planting trees as a method to reduce carbon footprints. Therefore, this option partially aligns with environmental actions but does not fully capture the specific recommendations provided in the passage.
C) Use public transportation and limit electricity usage.
Although using public transportation can help reduce carbon emissions, the passage does not discuss limiting electricity usage as a direct means to reduce one's carbon footprint. Thus, this option does not fully align with the recommendations highlighted in the text.
D) Avoid international travel and purchase biodegradable products.
This option suggests avoiding international travel, which is not mentioned in the passage as a method to reduce carbon footprints. Additionally, while purchasing biodegradable products is environmentally friendly, it is not specifically addressed in the context of reducing carbon footprints in the provided extract.
Conclusion
Option A is definitively correct as it encompasses two specific actions recommended in the passage for reducing carbon footprints: driving a fuel-efficient vehicle and minimizing single-use plastic consumption. Other options either misinterpret the passage's focus or include actions not mentioned in the context of carbon footprint reduction, making them less relevant to the core recommendations provided.
3. One activity that the writer suggests will probably increase one's caloric need is
Answer: C
Walking up stairs will probably increase one's caloric need.
Engaging in activities such as walking up stairs is an effective way to increase caloric expenditure. This activity requires more energy than typical movements, thereby raising one's overall caloric needs.
A) Eating half-portions in restaurants.
While eating half-portions may help in reducing overall caloric intake, it does not directly increase caloric need. Instead, it focuses on caloric restriction rather than activities that enhance energy expenditure.
B) Decreasing trans-fat intake.
Reducing trans-fat intake is a dietary choice aimed at improving health, but it does not inherently increase caloric need. The focus here is on the quality of calories consumed, rather than the quantity of calories burned through activity.
C) Walking up stairs.
Walking up stairs is a physical activity that significantly increases heart rate and energy expenditure, thereby raising caloric need. It is a form of exercise that effectively utilizes various muscle groups and burns more calories compared to sedentary behaviors.
D) Using low-calorie recipes.
Using low-calorie recipes is aimed at reducing caloric intake rather than increasing caloric need. This option emphasizes the consumption of fewer calories, which is contrary to the idea of boosting energy expenditure through physical activities.
Conclusion
Walking up stairs stands out as the only option that actively increases caloric expenditure through physical activity. In contrast, all other options either focus on reducing caloric intake or improving dietary choices without enhancing energy needs. Thus, walking up stairs is definitively the best choice for increasing one's caloric need.
4. To unify the group, the president suggested a slogan contest to foster
Answer: C
The slogan contest was suggested to foster connectedness.
The president's proposal for a slogan contest aims to create a sense of unity among the group, which is best described by the term "connectedness." This approach encourages collaboration and a shared identity among members.
A) invigoration.
While invigoration suggests a revitalization of energy or enthusiasm, it does not directly address the goal of unifying the group. The primary focus of the slogan contest is to enhance relationships and a sense of belonging, rather than simply increasing energy levels.
B) enlightenment.
Enlightenment refers to gaining knowledge or understanding, which is not the primary objective of the slogan contest. The contest is meant to bring members together rather than to educate or inform them, making this option less relevant.
C) connectedness.
This option accurately reflects the intended outcome of the slogan contest. By encouraging participation and creativity, the contest aims to strengthen bonds among group members, fostering a deeper sense of unity and shared purpose.
D) stimulation.
Stimulation implies provoking interest or excitement, yet it does not encapsulate the essence of fostering unity. While a slogan contest may stimulate creativity, the ultimate aim is to cultivate connectedness among the participants, which this option fails to convey.
Conclusion
Connectedness is the essence of the president's initiative, as the slogan contest is designed to unite the group and promote a shared identity. Other options, while related to engagement or energy, do not effectively capture the central goal of fostering unity within the group. Thus, connectedness stands out as the most appropriate choice.
5. The computer file was compressed to save space. Compressed means made
Answer: C
Compressed means made more compact.
Compression refers to the process of reducing the size of a file, which inherently makes it more compact for storage purposes. This allows for more efficient use of disk space.
A) less compact
This option is incorrect because "less compact" suggests an increase in size, which opposes the definition of compression. When a file is compressed, its size is reduced, making it more compact, not less.
B) less exact
This option is also incorrect as it implies a loss of detail or fidelity in the file. While some compression techniques can lead to a loss of quality, the term "compressed" in this context primarily addresses the reduction in size, not the accuracy or precision of the content.
C) more compact
This is the correct answer, as compression directly results in a file that is smaller and takes up less space, making it more compact. The primary purpose of file compression is to optimize storage and facilitate faster transfer.
D) more exact
This option is incorrect because "more exact" suggests an increase in precision or detail, which is not the focus of file compression. Compression typically targets size reduction rather than enhancing the exactness of the data.
Conclusion
The correct answer, "more compact," accurately reflects the purpose of compression, which is to decrease file size for improved storage efficiency. All other options fail to represent the primary function of compression, which is centered on size reduction rather than changes in detail or accuracy.
6. It can be inferred that Rebecca Skloot
Answer: A
Rebecca Skloot disapproves of the way the science community treated Lacks and her family.
Rebecca Skloot's narrative highlights the ethical issues surrounding the exploitation of Henrietta Lacks's cells without informed consent, indicating her disapproval of the medical community's treatment of Lacks and her family.
A) disapproves of the way the science community treated Lacks and her family.
This option is correct as Skloot's work emphasizes the ethical implications of using Lacks's cells in research without consent. She critically examines how Lacks's family was left uninformed about the significance of her cells and the profits generated from them, showcasing a clear disapproval of the science community's actions.
B) thinks that people should profit when their tissue donations prove to be useful.
This option is incorrect because Skloot does not advocate for profit from tissue donations. Instead, she addresses the ethical concerns regarding consent and profit, suggesting that individuals should be informed and compensated for their contributions to research.
C) approves of George Gey's decisions but not of other researchers' decisions.
This option is incorrect as Skloot does not express outright approval of Gey's decisions. While she acknowledges Gey's role in advancing medical research, she critiques the lack of ethical standards applied to Lacks’s situation, indicating a more nuanced view rather than simple approval.
D) believes HeLa's value to science outweighs Henrietta's individual rights.
This option is also incorrect. Skloot's writing does not suggest that the scientific value of HeLa cells justifies the disregard for Henrietta's rights. Instead, she advocates for recognition of Lacks's contributions and the need for ethical considerations in medical research.
Conclusion
Rebecca Skloot's narrative in "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks" fundamentally critiques the ethical lapses in medical research, particularly regarding consent and exploitation. Her disapproval of the treatment of Lacks and her family is a central theme, contrasting sharply with the other options that either misrepresent her views or overlook the ethical dimensions she emphasizes.
7. Based on how it is used in paragraph 4, synapses refer to the
Answer: B
Synapses refer to the connections between brain cells when something new is learned.
Synapses are described in the extract as the connections that form between brain cells when new memories are created or skills are learned, highlighting their importance in cognitive processes.
A) chemicals present in vapes that make them particularly addictive.
This option is incorrect as it misinterprets the term "synapses." Synapses are not chemicals; they are the connections between neurons in the brain. While nicotine can influence the formation of synapses, it is not synonymous with the term itself.
B) connections between brain cells when something new is learned.
This option is correct because the extract explicitly states that synapses are built between brain cells during the learning process. The focus on how nicotine affects synapse formation emphasizes the relevance of this definition to the health risks associated with vaping, especially in young people.
C) electrical mechanisms that make a vape function properly.
This choice is incorrect as it conflates biological concepts with mechanical ones. Synapses are biological structures related to brain functions and learning, not electrical mechanisms related to the operation of vaping devices.
D) emotional feelings we get when our body is exposed to nicotine.
This option is incorrect as it inaccurately describes synapses. Emotional feelings may be influenced by nicotine, but synapses themselves are not feelings; they are the connections facilitating communication between neurons in the brain.
Conclusion
The correct answer, B, accurately reflects the definition of synapses as connections between brain cells that are crucial for learning and memory. All other options misinterpret the term or relate it to irrelevant concepts, underscoring the importance of understanding terminology in the context of health and neuroscience, particularly regarding the effects of nicotine on young brains.
8. According to the article, which statement is true?
Answer: C
James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo have discovered new relationships between certain proteins and cancer.
Their research has focused on uncovering new strategies for inhibiting the negative regulation of immune responses, particularly through T-cell immunotherapy, which involves understanding the roles of specific proteins like CTLA-4 and PD-1 in the immune system's fight against cancer.
A) CTLA-4 and PD-1 are two types of cancer that have been cured by CTLA-4 and PD-1.
This statement is incorrect as CTLA-4 and PD-1 are not types of cancer; rather, they are proteins that play crucial roles in regulating immune responses. The research conducted by Allison and Honjo involves these proteins in the context of immunotherapy, not curing cancers directly.
B) All cancers have been cured by James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo's therapeutic practices.
This statement is false. While Allison and Honjo have made significant contributions to cancer immunotherapy, their work has not led to the cure of all cancers. Their research has improved treatment strategies, but cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
C) James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo have discovered new relationships between certain proteins and cancer.
This statement is true as their research aims to uncover how proteins like CTLA-4 and PD-1 affect immune responses to cancer. This has led to innovative approaches in immunotherapy, highlighting the importance of these proteins in cancer treatment.
D) James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo just recently started studying cancer.
This statement is incorrect. Both researchers have been involved in cancer research for several decades, and their recent work has built on years of foundational knowledge in the field, leading to significant advancements in immunotherapy.
Conclusion
Option C is the only accurate statement, as it reflects the true nature of Allison and Honjo's groundbreaking research, which focuses on the relationship between specific proteins and cancer treatment. All other options either misrepresent their contributions or inaccurately describe the state of cancer research and treatment.
9. ARFID is similar to other eating disorders in that it:
Answer: C
ARFID can lead to serious medical complications in patients.
Individuals with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) experience severe dietary restrictions that can result in significant health issues, including malnutrition and failure to thrive. This aligns ARFID with other eating disorders that also pose serious medical risks to those affected.
A) is caused by an individual's view of their appearance.
This option is incorrect as ARFID does not stem from concerns about appearance or weight, distinguishing it from disorders like anorexia and bulimia. Instead, ARFID is characterized by a lack of interest in food or anxiety surrounding eating, without a focus on body image.
B) occurs mainly in adolescents and young adults.
While ARFID can affect individuals of any age, it often begins in young children. This statement is misleading as it implies a narrower age range that does not encompass all affected individuals, making it an inaccurate description of the disorder.
C) can lead to serious medical complications in patients.
This statement is accurate, as ARFID can result in severe health complications due to restricted nutrient intake, including malnutrition. The extract highlights that untreated ARFID can lead to significant physical health issues, making this option the correct choice.
D) can be made worse by media messages around ideal body types.
This option is incorrect because ARFID does not relate to societal pressures regarding body image. Individuals with ARFID do not restrict food intake to conform to media ideals about appearance; rather, their restrictions are rooted in anxiety and sensory issues.
Conclusion
The correct answer, C, emphasizes the serious medical implications of ARFID, which parallels the concerns associated with other eating disorders. Options A and D fail to recognize the unique psychological factors of ARFID, while B inaccurately limits the age range of those affected. Therefore, only option C correctly reflects a shared characteristic of ARFID with other eating disorders regarding health risks.
10. The patient who had been bitten by the snake was given the
Answer: D
The patient who had been bitten by the snake was given the antidote.
In cases of snake bites, the administration of an antidote is crucial to counteract the effects of the venom. This treatment helps neutralize the toxins introduced into the body by the snake.
A) antigen.
An antigen is a substance that induces an immune response, particularly the production of antibodies. While it plays a role in immunology, it is not relevant in the immediate treatment of snake bites, where the focus is on neutralizing venom rather than stimulating an immune response.
B) anodyne.
An anodyne is a pain-relieving medication. Although it may be used to alleviate discomfort following a snake bite, it does not address the underlying issue of venom toxicity. Therefore, it is not an appropriate treatment for the immediate effects of a snake bite.
C) serum.
While serum can refer to the liquid component of blood, in the context of snake bites, it does not directly address the venom. Antivenom, which is a specific type of serum designed to neutralize toxins, is often confused with this term, but simply stating "serum" is not accurate in this context.
D) antidote.
The antidote is the correct choice as it specifically refers to a treatment that counteracts the effects of snake venom. Administering an antidote is essential for neutralizing the toxins that enter the body through a snake bite, making it the most appropriate and effective treatment option.
Conclusion
The antidote is the definitive treatment for snake bites, providing the necessary intervention to mitigate the harmful effects of venom. Other options, such as antigen, anodyne, and serum, do not effectively treat the immediate dangers posed by snake venom, reinforcing that the antidote is the most suitable option in this scenario.