NLN NEX Verbal Ability Exams — NEX Nursing Entrance Exam Study Guide
1. Based on the passage, one could infer that
Answer: B
Vaping is more harmful to young people than to adults.
Research indicates that vaping poses specific health risks for young people that may not affect adults in the same way. Since young brains are still developing, the impact of nicotine and other substances in vape products can lead to more severe consequences, particularly concerning cognitive functions and mental health.
A) vaping is not a problem for young people in middle school.
This option is incorrect because the passage highlights that vape use among young people, including middle school students, has reached alarming levels. The statistics provided by the CDC indicate that 1 in 30 middle school students reported using a vape product in the last 30 days, clearly demonstrating that it is indeed a significant problem for this age group.
B) vaping is more harmful to young people than to adults.
This statement is accurate based on the passage. It explains how nicotine alters brain development in young people, affecting their cognitive functions such as attention, learning, and impulse control. Furthermore, young users are at risk for mood disorders and potential addiction pathways to more dangerous substances, underlining the greater harm vaping can have on them compared to adults.
C) vaping causes mental health illnesses.
While the passage suggests that addiction to nicotine can lead to mood disorders, it does not definitively state that vaping causes mental health illnesses. The relationship between vaping and mental health is complex and may involve various factors, thus making this statement an oversimplification of the issue.
D) vaping may be more dangerous than cigarette smoking.
This option is misleading as the passage clearly states that while vaping is less dangerous than traditional cigarettes, it still poses serious health risks, particularly for young people. Therefore, saying that it may be more dangerous contradicts the information given in the extract.
Conclusion
In summary, option B rightly reflects the concerns raised in the passage about the heightened risks of vaping for young individuals compared to adults. The other options either misinterpret the data presented or fail to acknowledge the specific dangers highlighted, making them less accurate in the context of the provided information.
2. Allison and Honjo began their most recent collaborative research in the
Answer: C
Allison and Honjo began their most recent collaborative research in the 2000s.
Allison and Honjo's most recent collaborative research efforts, which have significantly advanced the field of cancer immunology, began in the 2000s. Their international collaborations over the last ten years have particularly reignited interest in immunotherapy.
A) 1970s
This option is incorrect as there is no mention of any collaborative research efforts between Allison and Honjo during the 1970s. Their significant contributions and collaborations are noted to have occurred much later.
B) 1980s
The 1980s is also incorrect since the text does not indicate that their collaborative research started during this decade. Their impactful work in immunology became more prominent in the following decades.
C) 2000s
This option is correct as it aligns with the context that states their recent collaborative research initiatives began in the 2000s. This period marks a revitalization of their efforts in immunotherapy.
D) 1990s
The 1990s is incorrect because it predates the timeline given for their collaborative work. The focus of their most recent efforts, as stated, is in the 2000s.
Conclusion
The correct answer, the 2000s, is supported by the information provided in the extract, which specifies that Allison and Honjo's collaborative research efforts are recent and have evolved significantly over the past decade. The other options fail to accurately represent the timing of their collaborative work, which is pivotal to understanding their contributions to cancer immunology.
3. We can conclude that radiation therapy is
Answer: C
Radiation therapy is an older form of cancer treatment.
Radiation therapy has been utilized for several decades as one of the classic approaches to treating cancer, making it an established and older form of cancer treatment compared to more recent advancements like immunotherapy.
A) a new form of cancer treatment.
This option is incorrect because radiation therapy has been a standard treatment for cancer since the early 20th century, thus categorizing it as an established method rather than a new one.
B) more successful than immunotherapy.
This statement is misleading. While radiation therapy has been effective in certain cases, the extract highlights that immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment, particularly in targeting cancer cells with fewer side effects, suggesting that it can be more successful depending on the context.
C) an older form of cancer treatment.
This option is correct as it accurately reflects the historical context of radiation therapy, which has been used for many decades, whereas immunotherapy is a more recent development in cancer treatment.
D) more nonthreatening than immunotherapy.
This option is incorrect because, while radiation therapy can be effective, it is often accompanied by harsh side effects that can be quite threatening. In contrast, immunotherapy is presented as a more humane alternative, reducing the likelihood of severe side effects.
Conclusion
Radiation therapy is clearly categorized as an older form of cancer treatment due to its long-standing history in the medical field. In contrast, options A, B, and D fail to accurately represent its status or effectiveness compared to emerging treatments like immunotherapy, which is recognized for its innovative approach and reduced adverse effects.
4. Based on how it is used in paragraph 4, synapses refer to the
Answer: D
Connections between brain cells when something new is learned.
Synapses refer to the connections that form between brain cells, particularly during the process of learning and memory creation. In the context provided, the passage highlights how nicotine alters the formation of these synaptic connections in young people.
A) Emotional feelings we get when our body is exposed to nicotine.
This option is incorrect because synapses do not refer to emotional feelings but rather to the physical connections between neurons in the brain. While nicotine may influence emotions, the term "synapses" specifically relates to the structural and functional aspects of brain activity rather than emotional responses.
B) Chemicals present in vapes that make them particularly addictive.
This choice is also incorrect. Synapses are not chemicals; they are the junctions between neurons that facilitate communication. Although nicotine is a chemical that contributes to addiction, it does not describe the synaptic connections themselves, which are biological structures in the brain.
C) Electrical mechanisms that make a vape function properly.
This option misrepresents the concept of synapses. Synapses are biological connections between neurons, not electrical mechanisms related to the operation of vapes. This choice fails to connect with the definition of synapses as described in the extract.
D) Connections between brain cells when something new is learned.
This is the correct answer. The extract explicitly states that synapses are built stronger as new memories are created or new skills are learned. Nicotine's impact on synapse formation in young people is a critical point raised in the passage, linking it directly to the learning process.
Conclusion
The correct answer, connections between brain cells when something new is learned, accurately captures the definition of synapses as discussed in the extract. All other options fail to relate to the biological and functional nature of synapses, focusing on emotions, addiction, or unrelated mechanisms instead, thus demonstrating a misunderstanding of the term.
5. Which pair of words below represents synonyms?
Answer: B
B: ostracize-exclude
The words "ostracize" and "exclude" are synonyms, as both refer to the act of deliberately leaving someone out or not allowing them to participate in a group or activity.
A) reverse-respect
The words "reverse" and "respect" are not synonyms. "Reverse" refers to moving backward or changing to an opposite position, while "respect" involves showing consideration or regard for someone or something. Thus, they convey entirely different meanings.
B) ostracize-exclude
The words "ostracize" and "exclude" share a similar meaning, both referring to the action of intentionally leaving someone out or rejecting them from a group or society. This makes them true synonyms, validating this choice as the correct answer.
C) repudiate-accept
The terms "repudiate" and "accept" are antonyms rather than synonyms. "Repudiate" means to reject or disown, while "accept" means to receive or agree to something. Their opposing meanings eliminate this option as a valid pair of synonyms.
D) reprimand-celebrate
"Reprimand" and "celebrate" are also not synonyms. "Reprimand" refers to expressing disapproval or criticism, while "celebrate" involves honoring or acknowledging a positive event or achievement. The contrasting meanings disqualify this option.
Conclusion
In conclusion, option B, "ostracize-exclude," is the only pair of words that correctly represents synonyms, as both words describe the act of leaving someone out. All other options fail either by presenting antonyms or unrelated terms, thereby highlighting the correctness of the chosen answer.
6. HeLa cells are considered immortal because
Answer: C
HeLa cells multiplied every 24 hours in culture and never stopped.
HeLa cells are deemed immortal due to their unique ability to proliferate continuously in culture, doubling every 24 hours without ceasing. This characteristic has allowed them to be a fundamental resource in medical research.
A) they didn't die even when exposed to toxins.
This option is incorrect because, while HeLa cells are robust, they can still be affected by toxins, which is a common trait of many cell types. The immortality of HeLa cells is not defined by their resistance to toxins but rather their continuous ability to divide.
B) they led to a cure for HIV and cancer.
While HeLa cells have played a significant role in research that contributed to advancements in treatments for diseases like HIV and cancer, they are not directly responsible for cures. This statement misrepresents the nature of their contribution, which is more about providing a platform for research rather than serving as a cure themselves.
C) they multiplied every 24 hours in culture and never stopped.
This statement accurately describes the defining feature of HeLa cells, which is their capacity to divide indefinitely in a laboratory setting. This continuous growth is what makes them "immortal" and a vital tool for scientific research.
D) they can cure diseases when injected into patients.
This option is incorrect as HeLa cells cannot cure diseases when injected into patients. They are not a treatment but rather a line of cells used for research and experimentation, emphasizing their role in understanding diseases rather than directly curing them.
Conclusion
The correct answer is clearly option C, as it highlights the fundamental characteristic of HeLa cells that defines their immortality—uninterrupted cellular division. Other options either misinterpret the nature of HeLa cells or inaccurately attribute capabilities that they do not possess. Understanding this core feature is essential for grasping the significance of HeLa cells in medical research.
7. Which sentence from the passage states the main idea?
Answer: B
Managing type 1 diabetes has become significantly easier due to recent advances.
Recent advances in diabetes management have introduced conveniences that reduce worries and challenges for individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This statement encapsulates the main idea of the passage, which discusses the improvements in managing T1D over the years.
A) Perhaps the most exciting recent development in diabetes management is that of the hybrid closed-loop system, or artificial pancreas.
This option focuses on a specific development in diabetes management rather than addressing the overall improvements and conveniences that have emerged for T1D patients. While it highlights an important technological advancement, it does not capture the broader theme of the passage.
B) However, thanks to recent advances, managing this chronic condition now comes with conveniences that allow for less worry and fewer challenges for people who live with T1D.
This sentence effectively summarizes the central theme of the passage, which is the impact of recent advancements in technology on the management of T1D. It encapsulates the overall message that these innovations have significantly improved the quality of life for patients.
C) Roughly 64% of current patients with T1D in the U.S. use an insulin pump for consistent, accurate delivery of insulin rather than relying on daily insulin injections.
While this statement presents a fact about insulin pump usage, it focuses narrowly on one aspect of diabetes management. It does not reflect the broader improvements and conveniences mentioned throughout the passage.
D) Forty years ago, a person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) would have found their life altered considerably.
This option provides historical context but does not relate to the current improvements in diabetes management. It does not address the main idea of how advancements have positively affected the lives of those with T1D.
Conclusion
Option B is the most accurate representation of the passage's main idea, as it emphasizes the significant advancements in the management of T1D that lead to a better quality of life. The other options, while relevant in different contexts, do not encapsulate the core theme of reduced worry and challenges for patients as effectively as Option B does.
8. Which pair of words represents synonyms?
Answer: C
Complacent and agreeable represent synonyms.
Complacent and agreeable are words that share a similar meaning, often relating to a sense of contentment and willingness to please or accommodate others.
A) perceptive - obtuse
Perceptive means having a good understanding or insight, while obtuse refers to lacking sharpness or quickness of intellect. These words are antonyms, making this option incorrect.
B) conscientious - careless
Conscientious describes someone who is diligent and careful, while careless indicates a lack of attention or concern. These terms are opposites, thus making this option incorrect.
C) complacent - agreeable
Complacent and agreeable both connote a sense of satisfaction and willingness to accept situations as they are, thereby making them synonymous in certain contexts. This is the correct answer.
D) submissive - aggressive
Submissive refers to a willingness to yield to others, while aggressive denotes a readiness to attack or confront. These words oppose each other, rendering this option incorrect.
Conclusion
The pair of words "complacent" and "agreeable" stands out as synonymous due to their shared connotations of satisfaction and willingness. In contrast, all other options present antonyms or unrelated terms, highlighting the distinct nature of the correct answer.
9. The best title for this article is
Answer: B
Nobel Prize Winners Fight Cancer.
The article primarily discusses the groundbreaking work of James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo in the field of cancer immunotherapy, which earned them the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Their collaborative efforts and innovative research are central to the narrative, making the title that highlights their Nobel Prize status and their fight against cancer the most fitting.
A) Allison and Honjo Fight T-Cells.
While this option references the focus on T-cells in their research, it does not encapsulate the broader implications of their work or the significance of their Nobel Prize. It is too narrow and fails to convey the overall theme of their contributions to cancer treatment.
B) Nobel Prize Winners Fight Cancer.
This title effectively captures the essence of the article by emphasizing both the prestigious award received by Allison and Honjo and their collective mission to combat cancer through immunotherapy. It succinctly reflects the key themes of recognition and the fight against a major health crisis.
C) Pharmacology and Cancer Treatments.
Although pharmacology plays a role in cancer treatment, this title lacks specificity regarding the individuals responsible for the advancements and the innovative nature of their work. It does not highlight the Nobel Prize or the specific immunotherapeutic strategies discussed in the article.
D) CTLA-4 and PD-1: Two Deadly Types of Cancer.
This option incorrectly frames CTLA-4 and PD-1 as types of cancer, whereas they are actually proteins involved in immune regulation. The title misrepresents the content of the article and fails to address the significant achievement of the Nobel Prize.
Conclusion
The title "Nobel Prize Winners Fight Cancer" is the most suitable as it encapsulates the remarkable achievements of Allison and Honjo, highlighting their contributions to cancer immunotherapy. In contrast, the other options either misrepresent the content or fail to convey the significance of their work and the recognition they received, thus making them less effective as titles.
10. The reporter ended the press conference with a crass remark. Crass means
Answer: C
Crass means insensitive.
The term "crass" is defined as lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence, which aligns with the notion of being insensitive. Therefore, in the context of the reporter's remark, it indicates a lack of consideration for the feelings of others.
A) philosophical
This option is incorrect because "philosophical" refers to matters concerning the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, which does not relate to insensitivity or lack of tact.
B) witty
"Witty" implies a clever and humorous quality, which contrasts sharply with the meaning of "crass." A crass remark is typically not clever or humorous; rather, it is often blunt and lacking in finesse.
C) insensitive
This is the correct choice as "crass" directly describes a remark that is rude or offensive, demonstrating a lack of sensitivity towards others' feelings. The context of the remark being described as crass implies that it was inappropriate and showed disregard.
D) sophisticated
"Sophisticated" refers to a high level of complexity or refinement, which is the opposite of crass. A sophisticated remark would be thoughtful and cultured, rather than blunt and insensitive.
Conclusion
The term "crass" is definitively associated with insensitivity, making Option C the correct answer. The other options fail to capture this meaning, instead suggesting qualities that are either refined or clever, which do not apply to a remark characterized as crass.