91. A system of government in which power is divided between the national government and the states, and one in which the federal government is supreme over state governments in × of conflict, is known as a
Answer: C
A federal system
A federal system is characterized by the division of power between the national government and the states, where the federal government holds supreme authority in cases of conflict. This structure allows for both levels of government to operate independently within their respective jurisdictions.
A) confederal system
A confederal system is one where the majority of power resides with the individual states, and the national government has limited authority, often dependent on state consent. This is contrary to the definition provided, as it does not establish the supremacy of the federal government over states in conflicts.
B) unitary system
In a unitary system, power is centralized in a single national government, and any administrative divisions (such as states) serve primarily to implement the directives of the national government. This does not align with the question's description of shared power and federal supremacy.
C) federal system
A federal system is defined by a clear division of power between the national and state governments, with the federal government being supreme in cases of conflict. This matches the question's criteria perfectly, highlighting the essential characteristics of federalism.
D) socialist system
A socialist system focuses on social ownership and democratic control of the means of production, which is unrelated to the distribution of governmental powers between national and state authorities. Therefore, it does not fit the description provided in the question.
E) corporatist system
A corporatist system involves the organization of society by corporate groups, such as agricultural, labor, and business sectors, which is distinct from the governmental power structures outlined in the question. Hence, it does not meet the criteria of a division of power between national and state governments.
Conclusion
A federal system is the accurate response as it embodies the principle of power distribution between national and state authorities, with the federal government maintaining supremacy in conflicts. The other options either misrepresent the governmental structure or focus on different concepts entirely, thus failing to meet the criteria set forth in the question.