65. Attachment studies by Harry Harlow showed that infant monkeys separated from their mothers preferred to cling to a surrogate mother that
Answer: E
Infant monkeys preferred to cling to a surrogate mother that was covered in soft cloth.
The studies conducted by Harry Harlow demonstrated that infant monkeys showed a clear preference for a surrogate mother that was covered in soft cloth, highlighting the importance of comfort and emotional security over basic needs.
A) Made monkey-like sounds
While auditory stimuli can play a role in the attachment behavior of some animals, Harlow's experiments specifically focused on the physical comfort provided by the surrogate mothers. Therefore, this option does not account for the significant findings related to tactile comfort.
B) Provided food
Although nourishment is essential for survival, Harlow's research revealed that the infant monkeys prioritized emotional comfort over food. The preference for the soft cloth surrogate over one that provided food illustrates that attachment is driven more by emotional needs than by physical sustenance.
C) Provided water
Similar to the food option, while hydration is critical, Harlow's findings indicated that the monkeys did not choose the surrogate based on basic survival needs. Instead, they sought comfort and security, which was provided by the soft cloth covering of the surrogate mother.
D) Was made of wire
A wire surrogate would provide no comfort or emotional support; thus, it was not preferred by the infant monkeys. Harlow's findings clearly showed that the tactile experience of softness was more influential in their attachment behaviors than the physical structure of the surrogate.
E) Was covered in soft cloth
This option accurately reflects Harlow's conclusions. The infant monkeys clung to the soft cloth surrogate mother because it provided them with a sense of safety and warmth, demonstrating that emotional comfort is crucial in the development of attachment.
Conclusion
Harlow's attachment studies underscore the significance of emotional comfort in maternal bonding, as exemplified by the infant monkeys' preference for the soft cloth surrogate. All other options fail to capture this essential aspect of attachment, as they focus on physical needs rather than the emotional security provided by tactile experiences. Thus, option E is the definitive answer.