79. Based on data indicated by the student's errors on a spelling test, which of the following most accurately identifies the orthographic pattern for which the teacher needs to provide further instruction to benefit the student's growth in literacy? (Student misspellings: rok, first, enjoy, foto, puh, mask, sleep, bread, cance, lake)Student Response & Correct Spelling:rok (rock), first (first), enjoy (enjoy), foto (photo), puh (push), mask (mask), sleep (sleep), bread (bread), cance (chance), lake (lake)
Answer: D
Consonant digraphs are the orthographic pattern needing further instruction.
The student's misspellings indicate a specific difficulty with consonant digraphs, particularly with words such as "foto" for "photo" and "puh" for "push". These examples demonstrate the student's struggle to correctly spell words that contain two consonants making a single sound.
A) Consonant blends
Consonant blends involve two or more consonants that retain their individual sounds when pronounced together, such as "str" in "street". The student’s errors do not primarily reflect issues with blends, as none of the misspellings indicate confusion or mistakes involving this concept.
B) Diphthongs
Diphthongs are complex vowel sounds that begin with one vowel sound and glide into another within the same syllable, such as in "coin". The misspellings provided do not highlight difficulties with vowel combinations, making this option irrelevant to the student's spelling errors.
C) Syllable types
Syllable types relate to the structure of syllables, including open and closed syllables. While understanding syllable structure is important, the specific errors made by the student do not illustrate challenges in this area, as the misspellings do not reflect incorrect syllable division or usage.
D) Consonant digraphs
Consonant digraphs consist of two consonants that form a single sound, such as "ph" in "photo" and "sh" in "push". The student's spelling of "foto" and "puh" shows a clear misunderstanding of these sounds, indicating a need for further instruction in this area.
Conclusion
The identification of consonant digraphs as the area requiring further instructional focus is supported by the student's consistent errors in spelling words that contain these patterns. Unlike the other options, which do not align with the specific spelling mistakes, consonant digraphs directly relate to the issues observed in the student's misspellings. Therefore, targeted instruction on consonant digraphs will likely enhance the student's literacy development.