Question 27

G1 phase - the phase prior to the start of mitosis in which the cell continues to grow in size and make proteins

The G1 phase is characterized by cell growth and the synthesis of proteins necessary for DNA replication. During this phase, the cell prepares for mitosis by increasing its size and producing the organelles required for division.

A) S phase - the cell synthesizes DNA and doubles its cytoplasm

This option incorrectly describes the S phase, which is specifically the stage where DNA replication occurs. While it is true that DNA is synthesized during this phase, the statement about doubling cytoplasm is misleading because cytoplasmic growth primarily occurs in the G1 phase.

B) Gā‚� phase - the amount of chromosomes is doubled

This option presents a misspelled phase and inaccurately describes chromosomal behavior. The doubling of chromosomes occurs during the S phase, not in the G1 phase, making this option incorrect.

C) Gā‚‚ phase - the phase prior to the start of mitosis in which the cell continues to grow in size and make proteins

This statement accurately describes the G1 phase, where the cell is engaged in growth and synthesizing proteins in preparation for mitosis. It correctly identifies the activities of the cell during this phase.

D) Interphase - the cell increases in mass and number of organelles to prepare for cell division

While it is true that interphase involves growth and preparation for division, this description is too broad. The term "interphase" encompasses multiple phases, including G1, S, and G2, making this option less precise regarding the specific activities of the G1 phase.

Conclusion

The correct answer is C, as it accurately defines the G1 phase and its role in cell growth and preparation for mitosis. Options A and B are incorrect due to mischaracterizations of the S phase and misspellings. Option D, while partially correct, fails to specify the activities unique to the G1 phase, making it less accurate than option C.