Question 14

Ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis.

Ribosomes are the organelles specifically tasked with synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

A) Ribosome

Ribosomes are the cellular structures that facilitate the process of translation, where they decode mRNA to produce proteins. This function is essential for cell growth, repair, and maintenance, making ribosomes critical to the overall function of the cell.

B) Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are primarily involved in photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. While they do contain some ribosomes and can synthesize certain proteins, their main function is not protein synthesis but rather energy production through photosynthesis.

C) Lysosome

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles responsible for digestion and waste removal within the cell. They contain enzymes that break down macromolecules, but they do not play a role in protein synthesis, making them incorrect in this context.

D) Mitochondria

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate ATP through cellular respiration. While they have their own ribosomes and can synthesize some proteins necessary for their function, they are not the primary organelle responsible for protein synthesis in the same way that ribosomes are.

Conclusion

The ribosome is definitively the organelle responsible for protein synthesis, as it directly translates mRNA into proteins. The other options, while important for various cellular functions, do not fulfill the specific role of synthesizing proteins, making them incorrect answers in this context.