Question 3

D) A child originally worked hard in school to please their parents but now, as an adolescent, works hard in school because success is personally satisfying.

This statement exemplifies Allport's theory of functional autonomy by illustrating how the motivation for a behavior can evolve from external influences to intrinsic satisfaction. Initially, the child's drive to excel academically is based on external validation, but it later transforms into an internal desire for personal achievement.

A) A child originally saw themselves as having many distinct selves but now, as an adolescent, views the self as singularly directed toward specific career.

This option does not effectively illustrate functional autonomy as it focuses on the consolidation of identity rather than a shift in motivation. Allport's theory emphasizes autonomy in motivation, where actions evolve from external to intrinsic reasons, which is not reflected here.

B) A child originally evaluated their math skills as weak but now, as an adolescent, focuses their attention on solving math problems carefully.

While this statement shows a change in focus towards math, it does not capture the essence of functional autonomy. The shift in attention does not indicate a change in motivation from external pressures to internal satisfaction, which is central to Allport's theory.

C) A child originally questioned their commitment to religion but now, as an adolescent, has a life philosophy rooted in religious beliefs.

This option describes a transition in belief system rather than a shift in motivation for actions. Allport's theory specifically addresses how motivations for behaviors become autonomous from original influences, which this statement does not illustrate.

D) A child originally worked hard in school to please their parents but now, as an adolescent, works hard in school because success is personally satisfying.

This statement perfectly captures the essence of functional autonomy by portraying a transition from performing for external approval to finding personal fulfillment in one's success. It highlights the key component of Allport's theory where motivations become self-directed and intrinsic over time.

Conclusion

Option D stands out as the correct answer because it clearly demonstrates the progression from an externally motivated behavior to one that is driven by personal satisfaction, embodying Allport's concept of functional autonomy. The other options either fail to address motivation or focus on aspects of identity and belief rather than the evolution of personal drive, which is central to understanding functional autonomy.