Question 5

Option B is not listed as a detail in the passage.

The statement that the oncoming sound waves have a higher pitch because of low frequency and closeness of waves is inaccurate and not mentioned in the extract. According to the passage, higher frequency is associated with higher pitch and closer sound waves, making Option B incorrect.

A) The oncoming sound waves have a higher pitch because of high frequency and closeness of waves.

This statement is consistent with the passage, which explains that as the train or ambulance approaches, the sound waves are pulled closer together, resulting in a higher frequency and subsequently a higher pitch. Therefore, this option is correct and aligns with the details provided.

B) The oncoming sound waves have a higher pitch because of low frequency and closeness of waves.

This statement is incorrect as it contradicts the information in the passage. The passage clearly states that higher pitch is associated with higher frequency, not low frequency, making this option the correct answer to the question.

C) The whistling sound of the locomotive as it approaches and passes can be explained by the Doppler effect.

This statement accurately reflects a detail in the passage discussing how the Doppler effect explains the changes in pitch of the locomotive's sound as it approaches and then moves away. Thus, this option is correct and in line with the extract.

D) The high-pitched sound of the ambulance as it approaches and passes can be explained by the Doppler effect.

This statement is also valid and corresponds with the details shared in the passage. It explains how the Doppler effect accounts for the perceived change in pitch of the ambulance's siren as it moves towards and then away from the listener. Therefore, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Option B is definitively not listed in the passage because it incorrectly states that a higher pitch results from low frequency, contradicting the scientific explanation provided. All other options (A, C, and D) accurately reflect details from the passage regarding the Doppler effect and the relationship between sound frequency and pitch. Thus, Option B is the only choice that fails to align with the information presented.