Question 78

A tsunami is primarily the result of an undersea earthquake.

Tsunamis are mainly caused by undersea earthquakes, which displace large volumes of water, leading to massive waves. This geological activity is the primary mechanism that generates tsunamis, making it the most accurate choice.

A) A hurricane

Hurricanes are intense tropical storms characterized by strong winds and heavy rain, but they do not generate tsunamis. While hurricanes can cause storm surges and flooding, they are not a primary cause of the large waves associated with tsunamis.

B) An El Niño event

An El Niño event refers to periodic changes in oceanic and atmospheric conditions in the Pacific Ocean, affecting global weather patterns. While it can influence sea level and weather, it does not directly cause tsunamis, making this option incorrect.

C) An undersea earthquake

Undersea earthquakes are the most common cause of tsunamis, as the abrupt movement of tectonic plates displaces water, resulting in large waves. This option is correct as it directly relates to the generation of tsunamis.

D) A tornado

Tornadoes are violent windstorms characterized by a rotating column of air that can cause destruction on land but do not produce tsunamis. Their formation is unrelated to the oceanic conditions necessary for tsunami generation, rendering this option incorrect.

Conclusion

The correct answer is C, as undersea earthquakes are the primary mechanism for tsunami generation through the displacement of water. Other options, such as hurricanes, El Niño events, and tornadoes, either do not relate to tsunami formation or are incorrect in the context of this specific natural phenomenon. Understanding the geological causes of tsunamis is crucial for disaster preparedness and response.