Question 22

It can be inferred that the author of the passage and Manton would be most likely to disagree over the claim that none of the characteristics common to insects and crustaceans can be found in segmented worms.

Both the author and Manton suggest that arthropods share a common ancestry with segmented worms. Therefore, the claim that none of the characteristics common to insects and crustaceans can be found in segmented worms contradicts this shared understanding.

A) Insects and crustaceans are both descended from segmented worms.

This statement aligns with Manton's views, suggesting a common ancestry from segmented worms for both insects and crustaceans. Thus, it is unlikely that the author would disagree with this claim, as it reflects the perspective that both groups share a lineage linked to segmented worms.

B) Insects and crustaceans each have unique limb form, musculature, and embryonic development.

This claim supports Manton's argument that insects and crustaceans evolved independently of each other from segmented worms, which the author does not contest. Therefore, it is not a point of disagreement between the author and Manton.

C) The compound eyes of insects and crustaceans are a case of convergent evolution.

While Manton discusses convergent evolution, this claim relates specifically to the similarity in eyes of insects and crustaceans rather than opposing the idea of a common ancestor. Thus, it would not be a likely point of disagreement between the author and Manton.

D) None of the characteristics common to insects and crustaceans can be found in segmented worms.

This statement is in direct conflict with the views of both the author and Manton, who acknowledge that there are shared characteristics stemming from a common ancestry with segmented worms. Therefore, this claim represents a significant point of disagreement.

E) Insects and crustaceans are the most closely related of all the arthropod groups.

This claim does not directly oppose Manton's views, as it does not address the evolutionary lineage in detail. The author and Manton could potentially agree or disagree on this without a definitive stance indicated in the passage.

Conclusion

The claim that none of the characteristics common to insects and crustaceans can be found in segmented worms is fundamentally at odds with both the author’s and Manton’s perspectives on their shared ancestry. All other options either reflect agreement or do not represent a core disagreement, making option D the most definitive choice regarding where their views diverge.