9. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about Thorndike's work with puzzle boxes?
Answer: A
It supports the idea that apes respond to observable cues rather than engage in reasoning.
The passage indicates that Thorndike's work, particularly with puzzle boxes, aligns with the idea that apes respond to observable cues without a genuine understanding of causality. This is contrasted with Köhler's emphasis on insightful problem-solving.
A) It supports the idea that apes respond to observable cues rather than engage in reasoning.
This option is correct as the passage describes Thorndike’s approach, which focused on trial-and-error learning based on observable stimuli. It implies that apes may not engage in deeper reasoning, supporting the notion of associative learning rather than cognitive processing.
B) It is currently one of the major influences on those interested in apes and cognition.
While Thorndike's work is historically significant, the passage does not suggest that it remains a major influence today. Instead, it highlights its role in the past, specifically in contrast with Köhler’s insights, without asserting its continuing relevance.
C) It forced Köhler to rethink his emphasis on the insightful nature of tool use in apes.
The passage does not indicate that Thorndike's work forced Köhler to rethink his views. Rather, it presents their approaches as distinct, with Köhler maintaining his focus on insightful problem-solving and not being directly influenced by Thorndike's methods.
D) It anticipated the work of van Lawick-Goodall on cognition apes.
This option is incorrect as the passage does not imply that Thorndike’s work predicted or anticipated van Lawick-Goodall’s findings. The discoveries made by van Lawick-Goodall are framed as significant in their own right, independent of Thorndike's earlier research.
E) It led to the questioning of a long-held assumption about human nature.
The focus of the passage is on tool use in apes rather than directly addressing human nature. Although the discovery of tool use in apes did question assumptions regarding humanity, it is not specifically attributed to Thorndike's work with puzzle boxes.
Conclusion
Option A is definitively correct as it aligns with the passage's depiction of Thorndike's methodology, emphasizing observable cues in learning. All other options fail to accurately reflect the content and implications presented in the passage, making A the only choice that directly corresponds to the ideas discussed.