Question 1

Existentialism, giving

The most effective revision of the highlighted portion of the sentence is "existentialism, giving," as it succinctly conveys the relationship between the two concepts without unnecessary complexity.

A) existentialism, he gave

This option is incorrect because it introduces the subject "he" and a complete verb "gave," which alters the original sentence's structure and meaning. The use of "he" also detracts from the focus on the concept of existentialism itself.

B) existentialism; by giving

While this option maintains a connection to existentialism, the phrase "by giving" adds unnecessary complexity and suggests a causative relationship that may not align with the intended meaning of the original sentence. The semicolon also disrupts the flow.

C) existentialism, giving

This option is correct as it effectively connects the concept of existentialism with the action of giving in a straightforward manner. The use of a comma creates a clear and concise relationship, enhancing the readability of the sentence.

D) existentialism; his giving

This choice is less effective due to the use of the semicolon, which separates the ideas too much. Additionally, "his giving" introduces a possessive element that shifts the focus away from the broader concept of existentialism to a specific individual's actions.

Conclusion

The correct answer "existentialism, giving" effectively maintains the focus on the themes of existentialism while providing clarity and conciseness. All other options either introduce unnecessary complexity or shift the focus away from the central idea, making them less effective revisions.