Praxis Dashboard

Both passages reference research.

Both passages highlight various studies and research findings to support their claims about happiness and its effects on individuals and society.

A) Reference to research

This option is correct as both passages utilize research to substantiate their arguments. The extract mentions studies conducted by Ed Diener and others to illustrate the emotional consequences of pursuing happiness, demonstrating that research forms a fundamental part of the discussions in both passages.

B) Definition of a concept

This option is incorrect because neither passage provides a formal definition of any specific concept. Instead, they discuss the implications and interpretations of happiness without establishing clear definitions.

C) Challenge of a long-standing theory

This option is also incorrect. While the passages critique the conventional pursuit of happiness, they do not explicitly challenge a long-standing theory; rather, they present research findings as a commentary on contemporary views of happiness.

D) Appeal to popular opinion

This option is not supported as both passages focus on research and empirical findings rather than trying to sway or reflect popular opinion about happiness.

E) Refutation of alternative explanations

This option is incorrect as well. The passages do not directly refute alternative explanations but instead present research supporting their viewpoints on happiness without engaging with other theories or perspectives.

Conclusion

In summary, option A is definitively correct as it encapsulates the commonality of both passages in referencing research findings to support their arguments. The other options fail to capture this shared element, focusing instead on aspects not present in the text. This emphasis on research highlights the significance of empirical evidence in discussing complex concepts like happiness.