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The sample contains 3 grams of acid.

Given that the sample contains 15 grams of water, it can be determined that the amount of acid present in the sample is 3 grams based on the percent distribution of the contents.

A) 15

This option suggests that there are 15 grams of acid in the sample, which is incorrect. The amount of acid cannot exceed the total mass of the sample, and since 15 grams of water is already present, this would imply a total mass of at least 30 grams, which contradicts the data provided.

B) 9

This option indicates that there are 9 grams of acid in the sample. However, if 9 grams of acid were present alongside 15 grams of water, the total mass would be 24 grams, which does not align with the mass distribution of the sample as specified in the analysis.

C) 5

Option C claims there are 5 grams of acid in the sample. This is incorrect because, when combined with the 15 grams of water, this would result in a total mass of 20 grams, which again does not fit the percent distribution provided for the sample.

D) 3

This option correctly states that there are 3 grams of acid in the sample. Given that the sample contains 15 grams of water, this amount of acid maintains the appropriate mass distribution as indicated in the analysis, ensuring the total mass remains consistent with the sample's composition.

E) 2

Option E suggests that there are 2 grams of acid in the sample. This is incorrect because, when added to the 15 grams of water, the total would be 17 grams, failing to accurately reflect the complete mass distribution of the sample.

Conclusion

Option D is definitively correct, as it accurately reflects the mass distribution of the acid in the sample when compared to the 15 grams of water. All other options fail because they suggest amounts of acid that either exceed or do not conform to the total mass distribution indicated in the analysis.