Question 5

The industrial revolution and the invention of the light bulb also contributed to the demise of segmented sleep.

The assertion that the industrial revolution and the invention of the light bulb played a role in the decline of segmented sleep effectively reinforces the writer's argument about how modern society has influenced natural sleep patterns. This context helps illustrate how external factors have forced people into a consolidated sleep schedule that may not align with their biological rhythms.

A) Although common elsewhere, napping during the workday is not generally accepted in the United States.

This option does not directly relate to the argument about sleep patterns being affected by historical changes and societal norms. While it touches on cultural attitudes toward sleep, it fails to provide evidence about the impact of the industrial revolution or artificial lighting on sleep practices.

B) Other research suggests that insomnia may be hereditary.

While hereditary factors in insomnia are relevant to understanding sleep disorders, this information does not support the argument regarding the societal and technological changes that have disrupted natural sleep patterns. It diverts focus from the historical context provided in the extract.

C) The industrial revolution and the invention of the light bulb also contributed to the demise of segmented sleep.

This option directly supports the argument by linking historical technological advancements to changes in sleep behavior. It highlights how the shift to artificial lighting and industrialized lifestyles led to a departure from natural sleep cycles, thereby validating the writer's claim about modern sleep disorders arising from enforced sleep rhythms.

D) The afternoon slump that many workers experience is partly a result of the digestion of their lunches.

This choice discusses a phenomenon related to daily energy levels rather than sleep patterns. It does not address the historical context or the effects of societal changes on the nature of sleep, making it less relevant to the writer's argument.

Conclusion

Option C is the most effective addition to the last paragraph as it connects the decline of segmented sleep to significant historical changes, thereby strengthening the writer's argument. The other options either stray from the core topic of sleep patterns or do not provide the necessary context to support the claim regarding the effects of modern life on natural sleep.